LESSON 4: MOTORS, GENERATORS AND PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR

Summary of previous lessons

  • Energy is the ability to do work.
  • Most household items we use at home uses energy. Examples are fan, pressing iron, blender, phones, television, computers, light bulb, speakers, chargers and adapters. 
  • The use of energy adopts the law of conservation of energy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.
  • Some examples of appliance that converts electrical energy to heat energy are electric smoothing iron, soldering iron, glue gun, electric kettle and lots more.
  • Some examples of appliance that converts chemical energy to heat energy are charcoal iron, kerosene stove, candle, human body and lots more.
  • A fruit blender is a device that cuts fruits into smaller pieces.
  • A refrigerator is a device that preserves food through cooling or freezing.
  • An air conditioner is a device used to regulate room temperature in offices, factories, homes, ICT rooms,  churches and various places through compressed gases.
  • PHCN supplies most places in Nigeria with electricity.

    • How Do Generators Produce Electricity?

    How Generators Work

    An electric generator is a device that transforms mechanical force into electrical current through a process called electromagnetic induction. 

    How It WorksExploded View of Inside Generator

    Think of a generator as an 'energy engine' that converts kinetic (motion) energy into electricity. A generator consists of a stationary magnetic field (stator) in which a rotating electromagnet (armature) spins to produce electrical current. 

    With a gasoline-powered generator, an internal combustion engine drives a rotating shaft that turns the armature. In renewable types of energy, wind, and water, for example, natural forces spin a turbine. If you think about it, any type of motion energy can be converted into electricity - just like hand crank flashlights.

    Parts of a Generator

    Generator Parts Diagram

    Learn the parts that work together to form a generator 

    • Frame - Sheilds electrical and moving parts. Keeps dirt and moisture out. 
    • Rotating Shaft - Connected to a motor or propellers in wind/water generators.
    • Bearings - Reduces friction caused by the rotation.  
    • Field Windings - A coil that creates a magnetic field through which current flows. 
    • Armature - Creates electromagnetic induction by spinning inside the stator of opposing magnetism.
    • Stator -  A stationary magnetic field with large copper windings.
    • Commutator - A conductor through which electricity collects.
    • Brush Assembly - Rubs against commutator that sends electrical current out. 

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