LESSON 2: CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY TO HEAT ENERGY

Thermal or heat energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold.” When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE), and we say that the object is “hot.” When the atoms and molecules are moving slowly, they have lower KE, and we say that the object is “cold”.

Chemical energy is a potential form of energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. If bonds are broken, the energy is released, and if bonds are formed, energy is absorbed.  As molecules move faster and gain kinetic or moving energy, the temperature of the substance increases. During conversions from chemical energy to thermal energy, the energy stored in the chemical bonds are released and this energy causes surrounding molecules to move faster thus increasing the thermal energy of a substance.

All the energy in oil, gas, and coal originally came from the sun, captured through photosynthesis

Examples of devices that converts chemical energy to heat energy include:

1. The furnace in your house converts the chemical energy in natural gas – which is mostly methane – into heat.
2. The propane refrigerator at your cottage converts the energy in propane to an engine that produces heat and also removes heat from the refrigerator chamber.
3. And if you count your car or truck as an appliance, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to heat while the engine propels the car.


Smoothing Iron – 1882 - MagLab
Diagram of a Coal Smoothing Iron

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